Kubantu benshi bakoresheje mudasobwa zo murugo 8 bit mu ntangiriro ya za 1980, gukoresha kaseti kaseti kugirango ubike porogaramu byari kwibuka.Gusa abantu bakize cyane barashobora kugura disiki ya disiki, niba rero udakunda igitekerezo cyo gutegereza ko code yikoreza ubuziraherezo, noneho uba udafite amahirwe.Ariko, niba ufite Sinclair Spectrum, hanyuma kugeza 1983, ufite ubundi buryo, Sinclair ZX Microdrive idasanzwe.
Ubu ni format yatunganijwe imbere na Sinclair Research.Nubusanzwe ni miniaturized verisiyo yikarito itagira iherezo.Yagaragaye muburyo bwa cassette 8-yumurongo wa Hi-Fi mumyaka icumi ishize kandi isezeranya ibihe byo gupakira byihuse.Amasegonda hamwe nubushobozi bunini bwo kubika burenze 80 kB.Ba nyiri Sinclair barashobora kugendana nabahungu bakomeye kwisi ya mudasobwa murugo, kandi barashobora kubikora batarangije banki cyane.
Nkumugenzi wagarutse avuye mu nkambi ya ba hackers ku mugabane wa Afurika, kubera icyorezo, leta y’Ubwongereza yansabye ko nshyirwa mu kato ibyumweru bibiri.Nabikoze nk'umushyitsi wa Claire.Claire ninshuti yanjye kandi abaye isoko yubumenyi.Ibyiza 8-bit Sinclair ibyuma hamwe na software ikusanya.Mugihe arimo aganira kuri Microdrive, ntabwo yaguze ingero zimwe na zimwe za drives na software, ahubwo yanaguze sisitemu yimbere hamwe nibikoresho byumwimerere bya Microdrive.Ibi byampaye amahirwe yo kugenzura no gusenya sisitemu no guha abasomyi ubushishozi bushimishije muriki gikoresho kidasanzwe.
Fata Microdrive.Nigice gipima hafi mm 80 x 90 mm x 50 mm kandi gipima munsi ya garama 200.Irakurikira umutunzi Dickinson wanditse nkibimenyetso byumwimerere bya rubber urufunguzo.Imbere hari gufungura hafi mm 32 x 7 mm yo gushiraho amakarito ya kaseti ya Microdrive, kandi kuruhande rwinyuma hari inzira 14 ya PCB ihuza umuyoboro wa Spectrum hamwe na daisy-iminyururu binyuze muri bisi yihariye ya Microdrive itanga insinga za lente hamwe nu muhuza.Disiki zigera ku munani zirashobora guhuzwa murubu buryo.
Ku bijyanye n’ibiciro mu ntangiriro ya za 1980, Spectrum yari imashini iteye ubwoba, ariko igiciro cyo kuyishyira mu bikorwa ni uko yishyuye make cyane kubikoresho byubatswe byubatswe birenze amashusho yayo na kaseti.Inyuma yacyo ni umuhuza uhuza, ushyira ahagaragara bisi zitandukanye za Z80, hasigara izindi intera zose zahujwe no kwagura module.Bisanzwe nyirubwite ashobora gutunga adapt ya Kempston muri ubu buryo, urugero rugaragara.Spectrum rwose ntabwo ifite ibikoresho bya Microdrive, bityo Microdrive ifite interineti yayo.Sinclair ZX Interface 1 nigice kimeze nkigiti gifatanya nu mpande zihuza kuri Spectrum hanyuma kikamanuka munsi ya mudasobwa.Itanga interineti ya Microdrive, icyambu cya RS-232, icyambu cyoroshye cya LAN ukoresheje jack ya mm 3,5, na Replica ya Sinclair edge ihuza hamwe ninteruro nyinshi zinjijwe.Isohora ririmo ROM yishushanya na ROM y'imbere ya Spectrum, nkuko twabigaragaje igihe prototype ya Spectrum yagaragaye kuri Centre yamateka ya Cambridge, nkuko twese tubizi, ntabwo yarangiye kandi bimwe mubikorwa byateganijwe ntabwo byashyizwe mubikorwa.
Birashimishije kuvuga kubyuma, ariko birumvikana, iyi ni Hackaday.Ntushaka kubibona gusa, ushaka kureba uko bikora.Noneho igihe kirageze cyo gusenya, tuzabanza gufungura Microdrive unit ubwayo.Kimwe na Spectrum, hejuru yigikoresho gitwikiriwe nisahani yumukara wa aluminiyumu hamwe nikirangantego cyikimenyetso cya Spectrum, igomba gutandukanywa neza nimbaraga zisigaye zo mu myaka ya za 1980 zifata kugirango zerekane imanza ebyiri zifite umutekano igice cyo hejuru.Kimwe na Spectrum, biragoye kubikora utagunamye aluminium, bityo harasabwa ubuhanga bumwe.
Uzamure igice cyo hejuru hanyuma urekure umushoferi LED, ibikoresho bya mashini hamwe ninama yumuzunguruko bigaragara murwego rwo kureba.Abasomyi b'inararibonye bazahita babona isano iri hagati yayo na cassette nini ya majwi 8.Nubwo ibi bidakomoka kuri sisitemu, ikora muburyo busa.Inzira ubwayo iroroshye cyane.Ku ruhande rw'iburyo hari micro ihindura yunvikana iyo kaseti ikuyeho ikirango cyo gukingira, naho kuruhande rwibumoso hari moteri ifite moteri ya capstan.Ku mpera yubucuruzi bwa kaseti ni umutwe wa kaseti, usa cyane nkibyo ushobora gusanga mu cyuma gifata amajwi, ariko gifite icyerekezo gifatika.
Hano hari PCB ebyiri.Inyuma yumutwe wa kaseti hari 24-pin gakondo ya ULA (Uncommitted Logic Array, mubyukuri uwabanjirije CPLD na FPGA muri za 1970) yo guhitamo no gukora drives.Ibindi bihujwe Kuri kimwe cya kabiri cyamazu yubatsemo ibice bibiri bihuza hamwe na moteri ya moteri ya moteri.
Kaseti ni mm 43 x x 7 mm x 30 mm kandi ikubiyemo icyuma gikomeza cyisiga amavuta gifite uburebure bwa metero 5 n'uburebure bwa mm 1.9.Sinshinja Claire kuba ataretse ngo mfungure imwe mu makarito ye ashaje, ariko ku bw'amahirwe, Wikipedia yaduhaye ifoto ya karitsiye ifunze hejuru.Ibisa na 8-kaseti ya kaseti ihita igaragara.Capstan irashobora kuba kuruhande rumwe, ariko kaseti imwe iragaburirwa gusubira hagati ya reel imwe.
Imfashanyigisho ya ZX microdrive ivuga ko buri cassette ishobora gufata 100 kB yamakuru, ariko ikigaragara ni uko iyo kwagura bimwe bimaze gukoreshwa, bishobora gufata hafi 85 kB hanyuma bikiyongera kugera kuri 90 kB.Nibyiza kuvuga ko atari itangazamakuru ryizewe, kandi kaseti amaherezo yarambuye kugeza aho itagisomwa.Ndetse nigitabo cya Sinclair kirasaba gusubiza inyuma kaseti zikoreshwa.
Ibice byanyuma bya sisitemu igomba gusenywa ni interineti 1 ubwayo.Bitandukanye nibicuruzwa bya Sinclair, ntabwo ifite imigozi ihishe munsi y ibirenge bya reberi, usibye rero ibikorwa byihishe byo gutandukanya hejuru yinzu nu muhuza wa Spectrum edge, biroroshye kandi kuyisenya.Imbere harimo chip eshatu, ibikoresho bya Texas ROM, igikoresho rusange ULA aho kuba umushinga wa Ferranti ukoreshwa na Spectrum ubwayo, hamwe na logique 74.ULA ikubiyemo imirongo yose usibye ibikoresho byihariye bikoreshwa mu gutwara RS-232, Microdrive, hamwe na bisi zikurikirana.Sinclair ULA izwiho gushyuha cyane no guteka, nubwoko bwibasiwe cyane.Imigaragarire hano ntishobora gukoreshwa cyane, kuko idafite radiyo ya ULA yashizwemo, kandi nta kimenyetso cy'ubushyuhe kiri hejuru cyangwa hafi yacyo.
Interuro yanyuma yo gusenya igomba kuba imfashanyigisho, nigisanzwe cyanditse neza cyoroshye cyane gishobora gutanga ibisobanuro byimbitse kuri sisitemu nuburyo byinjijwe mubasemuzi BASIC.Ubushobozi bwo guhuza imiyoboro irashimishije cyane kuko idakoreshwa gake.Yishingikiriza kuri buri Spectrum murusobe kugirango itange itegeko ryo kwiha umubare iyo itangiye, kuko nta Flash cyangwa ububiko busa kuri bombo.Ubusanzwe ibyo byari bigamije gushyira isoko ryishuri nkumunywanyi wa Econet ya Acorn, ntabwo rero bitangaje kuba BBC Micro yatsindiye amasezerano yishuri yatewe inkunga na leta aho kuba imashini ya Sinclair.
Guhera muri 2020, subiza amaso inyuma kuri ubu buhanga bwo kubara bwibagiwe hanyuma urebe isi aho ububiko bwa kB 100 bwuzuye mu masegonda 8 aho kuba iminota mike yo gupakira kaseti.Igitera urujijo nuko Interface 1 idashyizemo ibice bisa na printer, kuko urebye sisitemu yuzuye ya Spectrum, ntabwo bigoye kubona ko yahindutse mudasobwa ihagije yo murugo yo muri iki gihe, harimo nigiciro cyayo.Sinclair igurisha printer zabo bwite, ariko nabakunzi ba Sinclair bakunzwe cyane ntibashobora kwita printer ya ZX icapiro rishya.
Ukuri nuko, kimwe na Sinclair zose, yibasiwe nigabanuka rya Sir Clive ryamamaye ndetse nubushobozi bwubwenge bwo gukora ubwenge budashoboka mubice bitunguranye.Microdrive yatunganijwe rwose murugo na Sinclair, ariko birashoboka ko yari nto cyane, itizewe, kandi yatinze.Isosiyete ya mbere ya Apple Macintosh ifite disiki ya disiki yasohotse mu ntangiriro za 1984 nkibicuruzwa bigezweho bya ZX Microdrive.Nubwo utwo kaseti duto twinjiye muri Sinclair imashini itemewe na 16-bit QL, byagaragaye ko byatsinzwe mu bucuruzi.Bamaze kugura umutungo wa Sinclair, Amstrad yatangizaga Spectrum hamwe na disiki ya disiki ya santimetero 3, ariko icyo gihe microcomputer za Sinclair zagurishijwe gusa nk'imikino yo gukinisha.Ibi ni ugusenya gushimishije, ariko birashoboka ko ari byiza kugenda hamwe nibuka ryiza ryo mu 1984.
Ndashimira cyane Claire kuba yarakoresheje ibyuma hano.Mugihe urimo kwibaza, ifoto iri hejuru yerekana ibice bitandukanye bitandukanye, harimo gukora nibidakora, cyane cyane Microdrive yasenyutse rwose nigice cyatsinzwe.Ntabwo dushaka kwangiza ibyuma bibara mudasobwa bitari ngombwa kuri Hackaday.
Nakoresheje Sinclair QL imyaka irenga irindwi, kandi ndagira ngo mbabwire ko microdrive zabo zidakomeye nkuko abantu babivuga.Nkunze kubikoresha kumikoro yo mwishuri, nibindi, kandi sinigeze mbura inyandiko.Ariko mubyukuri hariho ibikoresho "bigezweho" byizewe cyane kuruta ibyambere.
Kubireba Interface I, biratangaje cyane mugushushanya amashanyarazi.Icyambu gikurikirana ni adapteri gusa, kandi RS-232 protocole ishyirwa mubikorwa na software.Ibi bitera ibibazo mugihe wakiriye amakuru, kuko imashini ifite igihe gusa cyo guhagarara bito kugirango ikore ibikenewe byose hamwe namakuru.
Mubyongeyeho, gusoma kuri kaseti birashimishije: ufite icyambu cya IO, ariko niba ubisomye, interineti nzahagarika gutunganya kugeza igihe byte yuzuye yasomwe kuri kaseti (bivuze ko niba wibagiwe Kanda kuri moteri ya kaseti na mudasobwa izimanika).Ibi bituma syncronisation yoroshye itunganijwe hamwe na kaseti, birakenewe kubera kugera kumurongo wa kabiri wa 16K yibuka (iyambere ifite ROM, iya gatatu n'iya kane zifite ububiko bwibindi bwa 48K moderi), kandi kubera buffer ya microdrive Bibaho kuba muri kariya gace, ntibishoboka rero gukoresha gusa igihe cyateganijwe.Niba Sinclair ikoresha uburyo bwo kwinjira nkuburyo bukoreshwa muri Inves Spectrum (ituma umuziki wa videwo hamwe nuwayitunganya bigera kuri RAM RAM idafite ubudahangarwa, kimwe na] [muri Apple, noneho umuzunguruko wa interineti washoboraga kuba Byoroshye Byinshi.
Spectrum ifite igihe kinini gishoboka cyo gutunganya bytes yakiriwe, mugihe igikoresho kurundi ruhande gishyira mubikorwa neza kugenzura ibyuma bigenzura (kuri bimwe (byose?) Ikibaho cyababyeyi "SuperIO" chip * ntabwo * ibintu. Nataye iminsi mike ya gukemura mbere yo kubimenya no guhinduranya kuri kera ya USB serial adaptori, natangajwe nuko Just Worked yakoze bwa mbere)
Hafi ya RS232.Nabonye 115k ikosora ikosora na 57k yizewe bito bitagira amakosa yo gukosora amakosa.Ibanga nugukomeza kwakira bytes zigera kuri 16 nyuma yo guta CTS.Kode yumwimerere ya ROM ntabwo yakoze ibi, ntanubwo ishobora kuvugana na UART "igezweho".
Wikipedia ivuga 120 kbit / amasegonda.Kubyerekeranye na protocole yihariye, simbizi, ariko nzi ko ikoresha umutwe wa stereo kaseti, kandi ububiko bwa biti "budahuje".Sinzi uko nabisobanura mucyongereza… bits mu murongo umwe utangirira hagati ya bits muyindi nzira.
Ariko gushakisha byihuse nasanze iyi page, aho uyikoresha ahuza oscilloscope nikimenyetso cyamakuru, kandi bisa nkaho ari modulisiyo ya FM.Ariko ni QL kandi ntabwo ihujwe na Spectrum.
Nibyo, ariko nyamuneka wibuke ko ihuza rivuga kuri microdriv ya Sinclair QL: nubwo zisa nkumubiri, zikoresha imiterere idahuye, QL rero ntishobora gusoma kaseti ya Spectrum, naho ubundi.
Bit.Bytes zahujwe hagati yumurongo wa 1 nu murongo wa 2. Ni kodegisi ya kabiri.Fm ikunze kuboneka ku makarita yinguzanyo.Imigaragarire yongeye guteranya bytes mubikoresho, kandi mudasobwa isoma bytes gusa.Igipimo cyambere cyamakuru ni 80kbps kumurongo cyangwa 160kbps kuri byombi.Imikorere isa na disiki ya disiki yicyo gihe.
Sinzi, ariko hari ingingo nyinshi zijyanye no gufata amajwi muri kiriya gihe.Kugirango ukoreshe kaseti isanzwe, amajwi arakenewe.Ariko niba uhinduye umutwe wa kaseti itaziguye, urashobora kubagaburira imbaraga za DC hanyuma ugahuza byimazeyo imbarutso ya Schmitt yo gukina.Igaburira gusa ibimenyetso byuruhererekane rwumutwe wa kaseti.Urashobora kubona umuvuduko wihuse utitaye kurwego rwo gukina.
Irakoreshwa rwose mwisi "nyamukuru".Buri gihe ntekereza ko ikoreshwa muri porogaramu zimwe na zimwe za mudasobwa, nka “disiki ya disiki”, ariko simbizi.
Mfite QL hamwe na micro-drives 2, nukuri, byibuze QL yizewe kuruta uko abantu babivuga.Mfite Spectrum ya ZX, ariko nta microdrive (nubwo mbishaka).Ikintu giheruka kubona ni ugukora amajyambere.Nkoresha QL nkumwanditsi winyandiko no kohereza dosiye kuri Spectrum ikusanya amadosiye ikoresheje serial (nanditse umushoferi wa printer ya progaramu ya ZX Spectrum PCB Designer, izazamura kandi Shyiramo pigiseli kuri rezo ya 216ppi kugirango inzira idakora. kugaragara jagged).
Nkunda QL yanjye na software yayo ihujwe, ariko ngomba kwanga microdrive yayo.Nkunze kwakira amakosa ya "MADIUM Mabi cyangwa YAHINDUWE" nyuma yo kuva kukazi.Birababaje kandi ntabwo byizewe.
Nanditse mudasobwa yanjye siyanse BSc impapuro kuri 128Kb QL yanjye.Quill irashobora kubika gusa impapuro 4.Ntabwo nigeze ntinyuka kurenga impfizi y'intama kuko yatangira kunyeganyeza micro hanyuma ikosa rikaduka vuba.
Nahangayikishijwe cyane no kwizerwa kwa Microdrive kuburyo ntashobora gusubiza inyuma buri cyiciro cyo guhindura kuri kaseti ebyiri za Microdrive.Ariko, nyuma yo kwandika umunsi wose, nahise nkiza igice cyanjye gishya munsi yizina ryigice gishaje, bityo nandika akazi kanjye ejobundi.
“Ntekereza ko ari byiza, byibuze mfite backup!”;Nyuma yo guhindura kaseti, nibutse ko akazi k'uyu munsi kagomba kuzigama kuri backup hanyuma ukandika imirimo y'umunsi wabanjirije igihe!
Ndacyafite QL yanjye, hafi yumwaka ushize, mubyukuri nakoresheje neza amakarito ya mini Drive yimyaka 30-35 kugirango mbike kandi ndabipakira
Nakoresheje disiki ya disiki ya ibm pc, ni adapt kuruhande rwinyuma, birihuta cyane kandi birashimishije(gereranya na kaseti amanywa n'ijoro)
Ibi biransubiza.Icyo gihe nibye ibintu byose.Byantwaye icyumweru kugirango nshyire Elite kuri Microdrive kandi ndeke LensLok ahora ari uruhare AA.Igihe cyo gupakira Elite ni amasegonda 9.Kumara iminota irenga kuri Amiga!Nubusanzwe ni kwibuka.Nakoresheje gahunda yo guhagarika gukurikirana int 31 (?) Kumuriro wa Kempston.LensLok ikoresha interuro yo kwinjiza clavier, nkeneye rero gukanda muri kode kugirango ihite ihagarikwa.Elite yasize gusa 200 bytes idakoreshwa.Iyo nabitse hamwe na * ”m”, 1, ikarita yigicucu ya interface 1 yamize interrupt yanjye!Wow.Imyaka 36 irashize.
Nashutse gato… Mfite Discovery Opus 1 3.5-disiki ya disiki ya disiki kuri Speccy yanjye.Nabonye ko kubera impanuka ishimishije kumunsi Elite yakoze impanuka mugihe arimo gupakira, nshobora gukiza Elite kuri disiki ya disiki… kandi ni verisiyo 128, nta gufunga lens!ibisubizo!
Birashimishije ko nyuma yimyaka 40, disiki ya disiki yarapfuye kandi kaseti iracyahari :) PS: Nkoresha isomero rya kaseti, buri kimwe gifite 18, buri disiki irashobora gutanga umuvuduko wa MB / s 350;)
Ndashaka kumenya niba usenya cassette adapter, urashobora gukoresha umutwe wa magneti kugirango ushire amakuru muri mudasobwa ukoresheje microdrive?
Imitwe irasa cyane, niba itari imwe (ariko "umutwe wo gusiba" igomba guhuzwa mubishushanyo), ariko kaseti iri muri microdrive iragufi, ugomba rero kubaka icyerekezo gishya cya kaseti.
Ati: "Abakire cyane ni bo bashobora kugura disiki ya disiki."Ahari mubwongereza, ariko hafi ya bose muri Amerika barabafite.
Ndibuka ikiguzi cya PlusD + disiki ya disiki + adaptate power, mumwaka wa 1990, yari pesetasi 33.900 (hafi 203 euro).Hamwe n'ifaranga, ubu ni 433 Euro (512 USD).Ibi birasa nkigiciro cya mudasobwa yuzuye.
Ndibuka ko mu 1984, igiciro cya C64 cyari US $ 200, mugihe igiciro cya 1541 cyari US $ 230 (mubyukuri kirenze mudasobwa, ariko urebye gifite 6502 yacyo, ntabwo bitangaje).Izi ebyiri wongeyeho TV ihendutse iracyari munsi ya kimwe cya kane cyigiciro cya Apple II.Agasanduku ka disiki 10 zigurishwa ku madorari 15, ariko igiciro cyaragabanutse uko imyaka yagiye ihita.
Mbere yuko njya mu kiruhuko cy'izabukuru, nakoresheje uruganda rukomeye rwo gukora imashini no gukora mu majyaruguru ya Cambridge (UK), rukora imashini zose zikoreshwa mu gukora amakarito ya Microdrives.
Ndibwira ko mu ntangiriro ya za 1980, kubura icyambu kibangikanye kijyanye na centronics ntabwo byari ikibazo kinini, kandi printer zikurikirana zari zisanzwe.Usibye, Uncle Clive arashaka kukugurisha ZX FireHazard… printer nziza.Hum itagira iherezo numunuko wa ozone uko igenda munsi yimpapuro zometseho ifeza.
Micro drives, amahirwe yanjye yari mabi cyane, nari nuzuye ibyifuzo kuri bo igihe basohokaga, ariko nyuma yimyaka mike nibwo natangiye gufata ibikoresho bimwe bihendutse mubicuruzwa byamaboko, kandi sinabikoze. kubona ibyuma byose.Naje kurangiza ibyambu 2 1, 6-micro-drives, amakarito amwe yakoreshejwe ku bushake, hamwe nagasanduku ka karita 30 nshya ya karita kare ya 3, niba nshobora gukora kimwe murimwe muburyo bwa 2 × 6 ndababara cyane iyo nkora ahantu hamwe.Ahanini, ntabwo bisa nkaho byakozwe.Ntukigere ubitekerezaho, nubwo nabonye ubufasha buturutse mumatsinda yamakuru igihe nagiye kumurongo muntangiriro ya 90.Ariko, ubu ko mfite mudasobwa "nyazo", nabonye ibyambu byuruhererekane byo gukora, nuko mbibika ibintu nkoresheje umugozi wa modem null hanyuma nkoresha ama terefone atavuga.
Hari umuntu wanditse progaramu kuri "pre-kurambura" kaseti ayikoresha mu cyerekezo mbere yo kugerageza kuyikora?
Ntabwo mfite micro ya micro, ariko ndibuka ko nabisomye muri ZX Magazine (Espanye).Igihe nasomaga, byarantangaje!
Ndasa nibuka ko printer ari electrostatike, ntabwo ari ubushyuhe… Nshobora kuba nibeshye.Umuntu nakoraga mugutezimbere software yashyizwemo mumpera za 80 yashizemo imwe muma kaseti ya kaseti muri Speccy hanyuma ashyira progaramu ya EPROM kumuyoboro winyuma.Kuvuga ko iyi ari ikoreshwa rya bastard byaba ari ugusuzugura.
Nta na kimwe.Urupapuro rwometseho icyuma cyoroshye, kandi printer ikurura stylus yicyuma.Umuvuduko mwinshi wa pulse ukorwa kugirango ugabanye icyuma ahantu hose hakenewe pigiseli yumukara.
Mugihe wari umwangavu, interineti ya ZX 1 hamwe na RS-232 interineti yaguteye kumva umeze nk "umwami wisi".
Mubyukuri, Microdrives yarenze rwose bije yanjye (ntarengwa).Mbere yuko mpura nuyu musore wagurishije imikino yibisambo LOL, ntamuntu numwe nari nzi.Urebye, ngomba kugura Interface 1 hamwe nimikino imwe ya ROM.Ntibisanzwe nk amenyo yinkoko.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-15-2021